The model of the digital giants is under pressure. With reforms such as an international tax, challenged for their dominance over the economy as well as their treatment of fake news and online hate, Washington has become anti-Gafa. 

The harshest attacks on the Gafa come from the United States, their first market and where they are based. During the US presidential campaign, the Gafa did not take seriously Joe Biden's inclination to "break" their model. That is to say the terror that seized Google, Amazon, Facebook, Apple, Microsoft and all of Silicon Valley with them, when they heard Janet Yellen, the future Secretary of the Treasury, affirm, in January, that an "international tax on the digital giants" will allow the United States to reap its "fair share". A position totally at odds with that of Donald Trump. The Republican, in conflict with Facebook that he accused of disadvantaging conservatives, still defended, tooth and nail, the American champions. For four years, he blocked international negotiations on the introduction of a Gafa tax, going so far as to denounce "Macron's stupidity" and threaten French wines with retaliation. The agreement on an international tax, concluded in July by 132 countries, is to be put in place in 2023. But the Gafa are not at the end of their surprises with Joe Biden who surrounds himself with the most advanced personalities in the fight against the "feudalization" of the Gafa on the economy.